Friday, December 21, 2012

 
 

20 th and 21 st Abhangaसुख पाहातां जवापाडे ।date 21st Dec 2012. Added to Abhanga for Abhanga a week.
blog address :http:// tukaramasteachings.blogsopt.com
           Contact e-mail add ress is rgphadke@gmail.com

Please Note that For Marathi Readers the details have been also given after
" the Teaching and meaning of the Abhanga “ i.e. at the end of English version.

This time I have taken a pair of the Abhangas since these to give us some important teaching.


) सुख पाहातां जवापाडे । दु:ख पर्वतायेवढे ।
धरी धरी आठवण। मानी संतांचे वचन ॥ १ ॥
नेले रात्रीने तें अर्धे । बाळपण जरा व्याध ।
तुका म्हणे पुढा । घाणा जुंजी जसा मूढा ॥ २ ॥

) मैत्र केला महाबळी । कामा न ये अंतकाळी ।। १ ॥
आधी घे रे रामनाम । सामा भरी हा उत्तम ॥ २ ॥
नाहीतरी येम । दाढा खातो कराकरा ॥ ३ ||
धन मिळविले कोडी । काळ घेतल्या न सोडी ॥ ४॥
कामा न ये परीवार। सैन्य लोक बहू फार ।। ५ ॥
तंववरी तुमचे बळ। जंव आला नाही काळ ॥ ६ ॥
तुका म्हणे बापा। चुकवी चौ़ऱ्याशींचा खेपा ॥ ७ ॥

Verbatim Meaning :
1st Abhanga:

    Moments of Happiness are very short lived like a small grain . In contrast the lifetime of Unhappiness, grief is very largw like a mountain .|| 1||
    O'Man, half of the life was spent in sleep during the night, balance is spent in childhood , old age and fighting diseases . You are living like an Oxen who is pulling a wheel to extract oil (from seeds) by going round in circles for ever. || 2||
         2nd Abhanga :

         Even if you have friendship with a very strong person to protect you from enemy, it   
         is of no use at the time of death.|| 1||
         First of all start reciting the “ Ramanama “ , collect this provision.|| 2||
        Otherwise the lord of Death ( Yamaraja) is waiting to eat you. || 3||
        Even if you have earned wealth of billions, the death will not leave you || 4 ||.
        All your family members, friends are of no use ( in saving you from death ).
        They are like an army of in-efficient fighters. || 5 ||
        All your efforts are meaningful and fruitful as long as the time of death has not 
       arrived. || 6||
       Tuka says O 'Dear ; avoid taking birth in 840000 species. || 7 ||

         Background Information to understand the meaning of Abhanga :

When we go to the school and later to the college ,we always were guided by the teachers whose level of knowledge was higher than ours.. It is always necessary that the teacher has to be more knowledgeable than the pupil. Especially for special subjects ; we need a teacher who is specialized in that subject. This is about the requirement of qualifications of a teacher in our day to day learning life.

The subjects of spiritual enquiry or quest are God , Our relationship with Him , Understanding our true nature( Who am I ?), or a question like “How can I get freedom from the vicious cycle of birth-death? “ etc.
We are trying to find answers to all such questions. The subject of spiritual enquiry is really very complex and complicated in nature.

However the Saints , the liberated souls are the true guides for getting answers in this search. Under their able guidance one is able to attain the coveted goal of liberation. One gets answers for all the questions .

Besides this, one gets permanent happiness, satisfaction and peace on knowing one's true nature. Most important gain is the freedom from the fear of Death .

The knowledgeable ones (the liberated souls) are always having total union with the God. We have discussed in the first post the meaning of Omniscient (सर्वज्ञ}quality of GOD and seen that . God has all the knowledge about everything in the world.
Because of their union with God , the saints also are all knowledgeable.

One major characteristic of Saints is that they wish to relieve everybody from the shackle of death-birth cycle. In order to make everybody aware of this; they have written different books. For example Tukarama's Gatha, Ramadasaswami's Dasabodha, Kabirawani, Vivekasindhu , Gospel of Sri. Ramakrishan etc. Whatever is said in these type of books , is all Gods own words.परमेश्वरी वाणी.

This is the importance of the sayings of various saints and seers.
One who is desirous of permanent happiness, satisfaction and peace, should therefore believe in what a saints has said.

Meaning of the Abhanga:

Sant Tukarama says that the happiness experienced by us is short lived while the duration of the feeling of unhappiness is very long.
In our day to day life , we experience various pleasures through our five sense organs. The feeling of pleasure generates happiness . For example eating a nice smelling Alphonso Mango gives us pleasure while eating it. But this pleasure is short lived one. After some time we again would like to eat another mango to continue to experience the pleasure of eating it. The same is the case with all other things sensed through our other sense organs.

Here we can say that the absence of pleasure generates the feelings of unhappiness. Besides this ; there are many other reasons which make us unhappy. For example some kind of worries, fear about the loss of job, worry about incurable disease striking us, anger because of the act of cheating done by somebody, feeling of being left behind in the race for promotions in the job, insults spoken by somebody irrespective of whether done knowingly or unknowingly and building up of the anger in our mind because of remembering some incidents, etc.

This is the reason to say that the period of happiness is short while unhappiness lasts longer.. Tukarama Maharaj explains this using example of a grain and mountain. He says that the if happiness is compared with a grain then unhappiness is like a mountain.

He further says O' fool (मूढ) ; if you examine your own life ; you will find that some time was spent in growing up( Childhood period) , some time is spent by you to fight with various diseases in the old age, and balance time is spent in sleeping .

Note :-The “sleep” here means our spending the life time in chasing money and pursuing the enjoyments and attending worldly affairs only. All these are the activities done to pamper our body ( putting all our efforts to get pleasures or to chase the pleasures.).

The effect of spending the lifetime like this is ultimately very unpleasant.
You will get entangled in the vicious cycle of birth-death like an oxen operating an oil extractor by going round in circles .
You will never get permanent peace .

Thus the Teaching of this abhanga is :-

For the reasons described here , get up now. Follow the sayings of the Saints and seers .

In the next Abhanga Tukarama Maharaja gives the same advise by reminding us about the Death.

Every born entity dies on some day. No body knows when the lord of Death will strangle us.
Tukarama Maharaja says that if one has made friendship with a strong man to save from enemies , collected enormous amount of wealth, or has many friends and well wishers around him; all these are useful as long as the moment of death has not arrived.
The moment such time comes the whole army of friends and protectors becomes powerless to save one from the death.
Lord of Death is waiting to strike us any time. .

Teachings of these abhangas:

Therefore he tells us wake up and follow the sayings of the Saints and seers .
He advises us to recite the name of God.He says in the abhanga that if a man recites holy name of the lord Sri. Ramachandra, (नामस्मरण भक्ति) , then it saves him from going through the cycle of taking birth in 840000 species.
Therefore it is best to perform worship of the God.
.


अभंगाचा भावार्थ समजण्यासाठी लागणारी माहिती:
) संत वचनाला कां मानायचे?
आपण जेव्हा शाळेला गेलो व पुढे महाविद्यालयात शिक्षणा साठी जातो तेव्हा नेहमीच आपल्याला असेच शिक्षक मार्गदर्शनासाठी लागता ज्यांची ज्ञानाची पातळी आपल्या पेक्षा वरची असावी लागते..जो विषय असतो त्याच विषयामधलेच तज्ञ शिक्षक मार्गदर्शक असावे लागतात. हे झाले व्यावहारिक विषयांच्या शिक्षकाच्या अहर्तेबद्दलचे विवरण .
अध्यात्मातले मुख्य विषय म्हणजे "भगवंत व मी मधील सबंध जाणून घेणे””.
मी कोण? माझे खरे स्वरूप काय आहे? मला जन्म मृत्यु चक्रामधून कशी सुटका मिळेल? ह्या सारख्या प्रश्नांची उत्तरे शोधणे.
हे विषय जरी गहन असले तरी ब्रह्मज्ञानी संत हेच ह्या विषयांतले मार्गदर्शक असतात. त्यांच्या मार्गदर्शनाखाली माणसाला सहजपणे आत्मज्ञान होते आणी वर उल्लेखिलेल्या सर्व प्रश्नांची उत्तरे मिळतात. आत्मज्ञान झले म्हणजे अक्षय सुख, शांती व समाधानाचा अनुभव मिळतो. सर्वांत मोठे भय म्हणजे मृत्युभय , त्यातून सुटका होते.

संताचे परब्रह्माशी ऐक्य झालेले असते. परब्रह्म अर्थात परमेश्वर म्हणजेच खरा देव. .
आपण पाहिलेल्या १ ल्या अभंगाच्या विवरणामधे आपंण खरा देव कोण ह्यावर थोडिशी चर्चा केली आहे. परमेश्वराला सर्वज्ञ हे विषेशण आहे. अर्थात त्याला सर्व कांहि ज्ञान आहे. संत व परभ्रह्म ह्यांचे ऐक्य अस्ल्याने संत पण म्हणूनच सर्वज्ञानी असतात. .
संताचे एक वैशिष्ठ्य म्हणजे त्यांना सर्वसामान्यान माणसाला असे आत्मज्ञान व्हावे ही त्यांची तळमळ. लागलेली आढळते. ह्यासाठीच त्यांनी विविध ग्रंथरचना केलेली आहे. उदा. तुकारामांची गाथा, दासबोध, विवेकसिंधु , कबीरवाणी , इत्यादी अनेक ग्रंथ आता सहजपणे उपलब्ध आहेत. ह्या ग्रंथांमधे जे जे लिहिलीले ती सर्व संतवचनेच होत अर्थात ती परमेश्वरी वाणीच आहे.

संतवचनाचे असे महत्व आहे व म्हणूनच ज्याला शाश्वत सुख, समाधान हवे आहे त्याने संतवचनाला प्रमाण मानायला हवे.

अभंगाचा भावार्थ :

संत तुकाराम महाराज म्हणतात की माणसाला मिळणारे सुख हे अल्प असते व दु:ख मात्र फ़ार मोठे असते.
रोजच्या व्यवहारामधे आपल्याला पंचेंद्रियां द्वारे निरनिराळ्या विइषयांचा भोग मिळतो. भोग त्यामुळे आपल्याला सुख मिळते. व भोग संपला की ते सुख समाधान नष्ट होतेव संपते. उदा. आंबा खाल्ला की आनंद मिळतो. चवीमुळे खाण्याचे समाधान मिळते. पण हे समाधान अशाश्वत असल्यामुळे ते सतत मिळत रहावे ह्या साठीच आंबा परत परत खावास वाटतो. थोड्याबहूत फरकाने सर्वच विषयांच्या बाबतीत हाच अनुभव येतो.
येथे समाधान संपल्याच्या जाणीवेला दु:ख म्हणता येईल. ह्या व्यतिरिक्त अनेक कारणांमुळे आपल्याला कांहीतरी चिंता, असमाधान वाटतच असते उदा. मिळालेली नोकरी टिकेल कां? कांही असाध्य रोग तर होणार नाही ना? कॊणी कळत अथवा नकळत केलेला अपमान , फसवणूक ह्यामुळे मनाचा क्षोभ होतो, स्पर्धेमुळे मागे फेकले जाणे घडते ,अशा कितीतरी कारणांमुळे आपण जीवनांत जास्तवेळ दु:खी असतो. शिवाय मृत्युचे सतत भय असतेच. म्हणुनच सुखाचि तुलना एखाद्या जर धान्याच्या दाण्याशी केली तर दु:ख एखाद्या मोठ्या पर्वताएवढे वाटते.
महाराज पुढे म्हणतात की अरे मूढ माणसा, तुला मिळालेल्या आयुष्यतल्या काळाची वाटणी पाहिलीस तर दिसेल की कांही काळ बालपणाचा गेला, कांही म्हात्तारपण व निरनिराळ्या व्याधींबरोबर झुंजण्यात गेला, व बाकीच झोपेतच गेला व जातो आहे.
(येथे झोप म्हणजे अज्ञानामुळे हे आपले शरीरच सर्वकांही समजून सर्व काळ ह्या देहाचे चोजले पुरविण्यात घालवणे होय .)

ह्यामुळे काय परिणाम होईल तर तू एखादा घाण्याला झुंपलेला बैल जसा गोल गोल रिंगणात फिरत राहतो त्या बैलाप्रमाणे तू पण अनंतकाल जन्म-मृत्युच्या फेऱ्यामधे फिरत राहशील. शाश्वत सुख, समाधानाला पारखा होशील.

तरी आता जागा हो व संतवचंवनांवर विश्वास ठेवून आचरण सुधार. .

महाराजांनी हाच मुद्दा पुढच्या अभंगामधे थोड्या वेगळ्या पद्धतीने
मरणाची आठवण देवून मांडला आहे व उपाय पण सांगितला आहे.


ते म्हणतांत :
जरी माणसाचा एखाद मित्र महाबलवान असेल, माणसाने अलोट संपत्ती मिळवली असेल, अनेक सुहृद मित्रमंडळी व नातेवाईकांचा परिवार जवळ केला असेल, तरी मृत्युच्या वेळी ह्यांतले कोणीच माणसाला वाचवू शकत नाहीत धन, मित्र, इत्यादिंचा उपयोग जोपर्यंत मृत्युघटीका येत नाही तो पर्यंतच होतो. सगेसोयरे हे जणू बाजारबुणग्यांची मोठी फौजच. ;लढाईसाठी कुचकामाची.. खरेतर यमराज हे झडप घ्यायला तयारच असतात . मृत्यु केंव्हा झडप घालेल सांगता येत नाही.

अभंगाची शिकवण :
पण जर माणसाने रामनामचॆ साधन जवळ ठेवले असेल तर मात्र ते जन्म-मृत्युच्या चक्रांतुन सोडवते. रामनामस्मरणाने जीवाचा ८४ लक्ष योनिंमधे जन्म घेत फिरत राहण्याचा धोका टळतो.

म्हणून नामस्मरण करणे हेच उत्तम. 

1 Comments:

At December 21, 2012 at 11:17 PM , Blogger Unknown said...

Dear Ravi,

I do read most of your posts. They all make a lot of meaning. If people followed even 1% of these teachings, all the current evils surrounding this society & this country will disappear. We are fortunate to have such great Saints who left behind a treasure of teachings.

You are doing a great job by translating & explaining in simple language such Abhangas which are otherwise difficult to understand, even when they have been written in our mother tongue. This is due to the generations which have passed & the language seems to have transformed substantially.

Your efforts are very commendable & this is a true social work you are doing. Also appreciated is your regularity & dedication to the cause. I have also noticed a continuous qualitative change in your subsequent writings. This seems to be a gift to you from the very Saints whom you are serving by decifering their writings.

We all wish you well in this effort, & I believe, we will see a book of these writings in your name one day.

We all wish you & your family a great new year, health & happiness.

Ajit (Deshmukh)

Mumbai

 

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